Process of manufacturing gas.



APPLICATION I'ILEDVJAN. 11, 1997.V l

Y H PBTTIBONB PROCESS OPMANUFAGTURING GAS.

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H. PBTTIBNE. PROCESS 0f' MANUFACTURING GS.

I APPLICATION FILED JAH. 11, 1907. 895,501 l Patented Sept. 15, 1908. Y3`SHEBTS-SHEBT 2 @ihwoaea CQ," n/' MJR- i Y m J/ZM akku,

H. PBTTIBONE. PROCESS 0F MANUFACTURING GAS.

APPLIOAT 13h' FILED JAB. 11.1907.

Patented sept. 15, 1908.

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- UNITED STATES PATENT tn-Froni HAWLEY PETTIBONE, OF NEW ROCHELLE, NEWYORK, ASSIGN OR TO THE PONER AND MIN- ING MACHINERY COMPANY, ACOLPORATION OF NEW JERSY.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GAS.

` rm. associ'.

Specification of I'Jetters Patent.

'Patented Sept. '215, 1908.

Application le January 11. 1907.' Serial No. 351,859.

To all whom -it may concern.'

Beit known that I, HAwLEr PnTriBoNE, a citizen of the United States,residing at New Rochelle, in the county of Westchester and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes ofM anufacturitig Gas, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the method or process of manufacturingproducer-gas, and, more. particularly, to the method of operatingconnected pairs of generators or produt-ers by means of jets of gasunder pressure.

The object. of.m v invention is to provide for drawingr oil hot gas froma generator and delivering it hot direc tly 'to diurna-co for nietPallurgical work, thereby utilizing the sensible heat, without dilutingit with steam 0r otherwise atl'ecting its thermal vaille.

Anothcrgebject is to provide for economizing and utilizing the sensibleheat in gas, as generated. for furnace work where hot gas can beadvantageously used.

Another object is to provide for utilizing het gas directl from thegenerators, thereby saving the sensible heat, and at the same timeproviding for drawing ofl a portion of the gas, scrubbing and cleaningit,.operating therewith aV gas engine and thercb)Y operating a.compressor to com iress part of the cleaned gas for use in jetexllausteis which serve to draw hot gas from the generators and deliverit to metallurgie or other furnaces.

Another object is to provide for reversing theaction of either one ofthe jet exhausters -on a pair of connected generators, reducing a.reverse current through one of t ie lires or bodies of incandescentfuel, thereby reducing the vacuuir. on either one thereof and clearingthe'iire of drst and ashes.

The matter constituting my invention ivill be defined in che claims.

I will new descrii e my method .or proces: in connection with a suitablea paratus for carrying it out, by reference to t ie accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure l represents a top plan view of theapparatus. Fi 2 represents an end elevation thereof wit 1 parts insection and the gas holderomitted. Fig'. 3 re resents averticallongitudinal section, on cn urged scale, of one of the reversibleinjector and exhaust def vices. Fig. 4 re resents a similar view of amodified form oih'eversible injector and exhaust devices.

The generators are referably constructed of pairs of connected e iambersor furnaces A and A1, each having a gas take-ofi pipe and jet exhaust.device at the bottom, as shown in Figs. 1 and 9. A battery of generatorsmay be composed of any desired number of pairs of chambers or furnaces Aand A connected to a gas main E. The generators have top fuel openings aclosed by lids x, Each generator has an ash'pit- B and a grate b,preferably composed of brick arches, as shown. The furnaces A and A* areconnected near the top b v a pipe or flue C, which is preferably bricklined. Each furnace is provided with a clinker door 'y above the grateandan ash-pit. door y below the grate. In

the ash-pit is provided an outlet opening b Y with the main E, for eachpair of generators.-

Each exhaust device I) is double and is so provided with connecting`'ipes as to serve for exhausting gas from t ie generator and forinjecting gas unto said generator under pressure or otherwise, asdesired.

The reversible injector and exhaust. device l) is constructed of unouter iron shell and a )fire-brickV lining c.- which latter is so shapedas to produce the tivo cones or frustuins of cones d and d', as shown inFig. 3, that is, a double frustum cone is used in each device D. Theiron shell or casing is provided een trally with a circular waterchannel d for the circulation of cooling water.v In the lWinch, as shownin Fig. 3, are arranged to discharge in opposite direct-ions. The nozzlepipes H, Il. are stationary and their jet nozzles h are arraueedcentrally in the conical chambers d and d. .At the outer end of eachdevice D is pro vided a. flanged connect-ion for the purge-pipe or stackF, having a valve f,

are connected valve casings containing the water cooled gate valve e e',said casings concompressed gas to the jet nozzles.

necti 0' in turnjvith the gas main E, which exten I along the battery ofgenerators, as shown 1n Flg. 1. The branch take-ofi pipe E1 connectswith the main E and leads, 1n

practice, to a metallurgie furnace, not here shown, o1' other desiredplace of use. This pipe E* is preferably provided with a vate Yalve e"beyond the branch pipe K. l'ith the nozzle pipes H, Hl connect gassupply pipes G, (i1 having valves g g for admitting These pipes G, Glconnect at the upper and with a main supply pipe Q. .With the gas supplypipes G, preferably connect a steam supply pipe S having valves s, s forsupplying steam when first starting up the enerators, before gas hasbeen stored in the cider. A branch pi e S1, having a valve s, leads frompipe S an connects with the top of the generator as shown in Fig. 2 forsupplying steam when it is desired to make water-gas, or for otherpurposes.

A branch pi e K, having a. valve lf, leads from ges mam and connectswith tue base of the wet scrubber L, anda pipe Zleads from the top pfthe scrubber and connects with the dry scrrbber M. A pipe m, having avalve m and a dri pot m, leads from scrubber M into the hol er N. Theholder is made cnmparatively small as it is only intended to store asmall volume of gas at a'time for supplying the gas e vine-and' comressor. A pi )e fn and branc pi e n lea from the io der and connect byranch pipes o and p respectivelyr with a double gas-engine O'and doublecompressor P; The gas-,outlet pipe n may be extended to conduct coolclean gas to other gos-engines or any desired plat-e of use. The shaftof the enginel O is provided with a fly-wheel e nd is extended to formthe shaft of the compressor P.` Outlet pipes p lead from opposite endsof the compressor and connect with the pipe p", having -avalve l andleading to the main supply ipc Q for supplying compressed gas to t edownwardly extendin pipes G and G1, which supply the'eXhaust evlees D,Dl along the bat'- tery of generators, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The supply of gas to the jet nozzles h and h' is controlled by thevalves g If desired, a tank or chamber R for holding compressed gas maybe connected in the pipe p" so that a volume of compressed gas may beconstantly stored for use in starting the jet exhausters and thegeneration of gas.

In the modified form of double jet exhauster Dshown in Fig. 7, gassupply pipes G and G are made to slide u and down in the stufiing boxesg' so that t reir nozzles g may be drawn up into the boxes or recessesf' be drawn up at the same time when desired. The recesses j" arepreferably provided with water jackets or water-cooled spaces d'7 inwhich water will becirculated for keeping the recesses cool and thusprotecting the nozzles g. The dotted lines indicate the position of thejet nozzles when they are slid down into operative position. F lexiblelsu ply pipes I are preferably connected with t 1e sliding jet pipes Gi,Gr3 for permitting them to be more readily adjusted. Since the heat is at to be quite high at the contracted part of t ,le double cone, Ipreferably rovide the hollow Water circulating ring at that point and inpractice such ring will be provided with water inlet and outlet pipes,not here shown.

The generators are operated in "airs, as A, A, and any desired numberwill be put into operation at a time to meet the demand for gas requiredin metallurgie or other furnaces. Fires will be kindled in thegenerators A, A1 and may at first be allowed to burn by natural draft byopening the top lids a: x'. In starting the operation of the plant,before any gas has been made, and with the gas holder empty, steam maybe admittedto the jet pipes by openi the valves s and s. Steam at firstwi l lie passed only into the jet pipe.; k so as to draw air through thetop openings a. and down into the bed of fuel and exhaust gas throughthe devices vl) and Dl and pass it up through the purge pipe F, ihevalve f thereof being open. At this time gate valves e and c ma beclosed. After the generators A, Al ave been' suitably charged with fueland deep bodies of incandescent fuel formed therein, the valves' e, e'will be opened and the purge valves f will be closed. 'lhe exhaust jetsof.

steam through nozzle h being continued the vas as ucnerated in furnacesA, A1 will be lforced ibrough the mains E and E and delivered to thescrubber L. As soon as good gas is being delivered through pipe E1 thevalve 1c will be opened and valve e".closed, so as to ass the gas throUh the scrubbers L and Mp and thence into t e holder N. This clean, coolgas may now be delivered by pipes n anu n to the gas engine O, puttingthe same in ope.ation. Atthe same time the compressor P will be startedand gas will be delivered thereto throu h pipe p and will be dischargedtherefrom t rough ipes p and p to the main supply ipe Steam is now shutoff by closlng va ve s and gas is admitted by opening valve g andpassing it through exhaust nozzles h. The ]ets of esc aping gas from thenozzles h` will now serve to exhaustgas from the generators A, Ax and itwill only be neccssar to supply fuel to the generators and leave t elids'zn, :c open. Of course air ill be continuously drawn down so thatone of them may be out of the way into the beds of incandescentfuel andserve 65 while the other is in use, or so that both may i for generatingproducer gas. With this 130 dawn-draft generating plant, soft orbituminous coal can be effectively used for making high gradeproducer-gas. The gas delivered to the compressor l will be compressedto any desired pressure for most effectively operating the jetexhausters. An importantadvantage is gained by using compressed gas inthe jet exhauster instead of steam, as thereby the gas drawn from thegenerator is not diluted with amoist non-combustible fluid, but, on thecontrary, is delivered hot and without-any change in ils'therlnal value.ln ractice this is quite important. where high am uniform heats are tobe maintained in furnaces.

As soon as good producer-gas is being generated in generators A, A1, byoperation of the exhaust devices D, D1 with jets Ofcom` pressed gasthrough nozzles lz., the valve e in gas main El will he opened, andthegas as produced will be 'discharged hot through main EMO a place ofuse. The gas used for operating the exhaust devices being of. the sanzcquality as the gas generated, will not affect its thermal value.

During operation of the apparatus a sufficient volume of gas will bepassed from main E through the scruhhers to the holder` to maintain acontinuous supply thereof to gas'- engine O and compressor l foroperating the gas-jet exhaust devices l), D. At any desircd time part ofthe compressed gas may be' drawn from pipe p and stored in a tank R byopening va ve r. When it is desired to use t. :e compressed gas in tankR, valve r" will be o )enedz This compressed gas may be used w ienstart-ing up the generators after a period of rest.

After operating the generators for a eriod of twelve. or twenty-fourhours, the xres or beds of fuel are apt to become plugged with dust andashes so as to greatly im iedc the generation of gas. ln order tore( ucethe vacuum on the fires and free them from dust and ashes, 1 reverse theaction of one of the exhauster devices, that is, I shut oil the. gasfrom the exhaust nozzle l5- in the device l) and then admit compressedgas by opening valve g through the jet nozzle 71', thereby blowingcompressed gas u i through the body of fuel in generator A. 'l'hc gasmay be admitted to the nozzle h in sudden puffs or impulses so as tobetter blow out the dustand ashes fro'rn' the interstices of the fuel..A reverse current is established through the lires and at the same timeall of the gas will be dra-wn down through the body of fuel in generatorA and off through the exhaust device D1. While cleaning the fire ingenerator A the gate valve c may be closed. Since a jet of gas will beadmitted through nozzle h in the device D1, acting as an eighauster, andgas is shut off from the nozzle. li in the device D, there will bepressure in the bottom of genezator A and vacuum in the bottom ofgenerator A, which l l r will 'serve to rapidly clean th'e fire ingenera- 'tor A. 'l his cleaning operation can be performed in a veryshort timeone or two minutes. When it is deisired to clean the fire ingenerator A1, will be shut off from the 7@ exhaust nozzle L and.admitted through the nozzle li. in the device DI, while, at the same.time. the cxhauster in the device D will be in operation. This cleaningoperation can he quickly done at any time without stopping '-z thegeneration of gas or in any way affecting the uality of the gasgenerated. During the leaning operation above described, the top rif-orsof both generators will be closed.

ln the above described o eration dust and go; ashes, which tend to plugt e lire, are blown rincipally from the body of incandescent' uel andlodge mostly on the side walls of the generator, the main object beingto'open the fire or body of fuel to the passage of air and S5 gas. Atcertain intervals otwelve to twentyfour hours, the generation of gas ina generator is suspended and the ash and (finder removed through thedoors y and y. During this cleaning operation, ges is shut off from theiet nozzles t-Land valve e is closed.

.Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

I. The method of operating a gas producer', 95 which consists incompressing emrib'ustible gas and by means of a jet thereof, underpressure, drawing air into a. body of ignited fuel and drawing' ofi: theresulting gas and dis-. charging it toa place of storage or "use,

2. The method of producing gas which consists in making producer-gas,compressing part of it, and returning it to a jet exhauster at thegenerator and thereby drawing the gas from tbe generator and deliveringit underpressure to a place of use.

3. The method y of producing gas which consists n'making producer-gas,compressing part of it and returning it to a jet exhauster at thegenerator and thereby drawing down air into a body of fuel and drawingthe resulting gas from the generator and forcing it to a holder or otherplace of use. A

4. The method of operating. a gas producer, which consistsiu makingproducergas, operating therewith a gas-engine and thereby operating agas-compressor, compressing part of the gas generated, and by means of ajet of such compressed gas, drawing gas off from the producer andforcing it to a place of storage or use.

5. The method of producing gas, which consists in making producer-gas,compressing part of it and by means of a jet thereof, under pressure,drawing nir into abody of ignited fuel and drawing ofi' the. resultinggas and delivering it hot to a metallurgie or other furnace, whereby thesensible heat in the gas is utilized and no change. is made in thethermal qunlityof thc gas delivered.

and thereby operatingT 'a gus coinpresson compressing part of the.cie-ined gas and by means of a jet thereoi', drawing gas oli' fromthe'produeer and discharging it to a place of storage or use. i

S. T he. method of operating a generating plant, which consists ingenerating gas in a cupola furnace, compressing part of it and by meansof a jet thereof drawing air or aeriorin fluid into a body of ignitedfuel in the Cupola and drawing the resulting:r gas from the vupola and,at intervals, reversing the current of fas, under pressure, through thebod of fuelfor facilitating the operation. l

9. The method of operating a gas generating i laut, which consists ingenerating gas in a suitable furnace, compressing partol' it. and byIneens of a jet thereof drawing ai! or ne riform luid down into a bodyof ignited fuel in the luruace and drawing the resulting; gas dowxthrough the body ol' i.1el,nud oil from the bottoni thereof, and, atintervals, reversing tho direction of current of compressed gas throughthe fuel.

1l The method of operating a gas gener ating plant, which consists ingenerntingfuelgas in a pair of counectinu chambers or furneces,compressing part or such gus, and, by means of jet-s thereof, drawingaeriforxn fluid into two bodies of ignited uei in the charmbers anddrawing,l oil the resulting gas, and, at intervals, reversing thedirection of ourrentof com ressed gas through one of the bodies of fuethereby producino' pressure in one 'body and vacuum or partie vaeuumjinthe other body of fuel. B

l1. The method of operating a gas generating plant, which consists ii;.Generatingiuelgas in a pair of connecting pambers o furnaces,compressing part of suoli gas, and by means of 'ets thereof, drawingaeriform duid into two bodies of ignited fuel in the ohambers anddrawing oil the resulting gas, and, et intervals, reversing thedirection of current of :',efiupressed gas at one of the chambers andadmitting it under pressure and impulses into the body ol' fuel in saidchamber, thereby cleaninqr the ii're and produeing pressure in snc-h boy of fuel and vacuum or partial vacuum in the other bod) of fuel.

12. The method of operating a gas generati ng plant, which consists ingenerating fuelges in a pair of connectingr chambers or ful'- naees,compressing part of such gas and, by

means of jets thereof, drawing aeriform Huid down into two bodies ofignited fuel in the chambers and drawing ofi :he resulting gas4 downthrough the same and, at intervals, reversing the direction of currentof compressed at one of the chambers and admitting it under )rtssure andimpulses into the bottom of the ody ot' fuel in said chamber, thereby1draining the saine and producing pressure at the base of one chamberand vacuum or arf '.ial vacuum at the base of th'e other cham 'er. Intestimony whereof I siii); my Signature in presence of two witnesses.

HANVLEY PE'IYIIBGNE. Witnesses:

Ron'r. H. CLARK, FRANCIS S. MAGUIRE.

